S. officinalis is a perennial round shrub in the family of lamiaceae. Sage is one of the oldest medicinal plants, and the etymology of the Latin name suggests its healing properties, with Salvia deriving from the Latin verb salvare, meaning to save or to cure, and officinalis also means medicinal.
Rich in monoterpens (α- and β-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor), diterpenes (carnosic acid), triterpenes (oleanoic and ursolic acids) and phenolic compounds like rosmarinic acid.
ANTIMICROBIAL
Antibacterial: The antibacterial properties of sage oils have been attributed to the presence of 1,8-cineole, thujone, and camphor. It has antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including S. aureus, P. acne, E. coli and the malodor producing bacteria S.epidermidis and Corynebacterium which are responsible for the axillary odor.
Antifungal: The 1,8-cineole and camphor are the main responsible components for the antifungal activity of sage including the Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophytes strains.
FIGHTS ACNE
Sage extract is a natural source for salicylic acid. It is a mild keratolytic that promotes microexfoliation to unclog blocked sebaceous follicles and prevents their repeated obstruction. Moreover, it is also considered an anti-seborrheic active ingredient which regulates sebum production and secretion.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Sage Extract has anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the amount of pro-inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide, produced by the LPS in macrophage cell line.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3809930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634728/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17708648/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00647.x